Pay, Benefits, and Pensions
What members earn, how their benefits work, and pension rules.
As of 2025, members of Congress earn $174,000 per year. The Speaker of the House earns $223,500, and the majority and minority leaders in both chambers earn $193,400. Congressional pay has been frozen at these levels since 2009 — members have declined or blocked cost-of-living adjustments for over 15 years.
Members receive the same health insurance options as other federal employees through the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHB), though they are required to purchase their plans through the Affordable Care Act marketplace. They pay premiums just like other federal workers. They participate in Social Security (mandatory since 1984) and the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS).
Pension benefits depend on years of service: members who serve at least 5 years are eligible for a pension starting at age 62. Those who serve 20+ years can collect at age 50. The average annual pension for retired members is approximately $75,000, though some long-serving members receive more. Members also have access to the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), the federal government's equivalent of a 401(k).
Members receive a life insurance benefit, a $174 per-day tax deduction for living expenses in Washington, D.C. (without receipts), access to free or reduced-cost parking at Capitol Hill and airports, free airport lounge access, and access to an on-site gym, barber shop, and medical clinic in the Capitol.